I have the unique perspective of being the parent of 2 girls - one diagnosed with NLD and the other diagnosed with autism/PDD. Judy asked me to write a short article about their similarities and differences. Since both disorders are spectrum disorders, this is a personalized account.

My older daughter, Katherine is 9 yrs. old. She had been diagnosed with NLD since age 6. My younger daughter, Amanda, is 6 yrs. old. She has been diagnosed with autism/PDD since age 3. 1996 was not a particularly good year for our family.

Let me also share that while Amanda meets diagnostic criteria for autism, she is a very verbal, fairly high-functioning kid. In fact she is so verbal that I believe many of her autistic symptoms are right-hemisphere mediated. Many children with autism show stronger right-hemisphere skills and weaker left hemisphere skills, such as language.

• Friendship: My NLD child wants very badly to have friends. She tries really hard, is totally engaged with friends, but doesn't understand when she is rude to someone else. My child with autism wants to have a friend over to play, but will totally ignore them once they are here. What she is doing is more important than who she is with.
• Play: My child with NLD is demanding and wants attention most of her waking hours. My child with autism is content to play by herself with toys and books. In fact, she would prefer it.
• Tactile Defensiveness: If you accidentally bump into my child with NLD, she will clobber you back. She doesn't understand that it was an accident. My child with autism has more normal sensitivity to touch.
• Disposition: My child with autism wakes up every morning with a cheerful disposition. The first thing on her agenda is kisses for Mom - one for every day of the month (5 kisses if it's the 5^th, etc)- cute, but perseverative. She is a happy and content child. She is not one to hide her feelings. My child with NLD is usually pretty owly. At least half of the comments she makes are negative. She smiles less often. I think she internalizes a lot of her feelings.

Some of their similarities, often differing only by degree:

• Language: Both of my children are very verbal. The difference is that my child with NLD uses language to learn about her world. She is constantly asking questions about her environment, about a new word she hears, etc. My child with autism uses language to drive me even crazier…non-stop who, what, and why questions are her favorite language forms!
• Transitions: They both hate transitions or anything new and different. My child with NLD will complain loudly, whine, and resist. My child with autism is likely to cry or throw a tantrum.
• Visual Motor/Spatial: Both of my children have major visual-motor and visual-spatial deficits. In fact, I would consider my child with autism severely impaired and my child with NLD mildly impaired in these areas. (another reason I believe my child with autism has right hemisphere dysfunction.)
• Frustration tolerance: My child with NLD has extremely low tolerance for frustrating situations. She lacks problem-solving ability. If something is too difficult, she shuts down. My child with autism also has a low frustration tolerance, but can be coached through possible solutions. She doesn't shut down completely.
• Vulnerability: Both girls are extremely vulnerable. I often worry that they are easy targets for bullies or even worse.